L’Hymenoscyphus fraxineus è un patogeno che negli anni ha decimato le foreste di frassini in Inghilterra provocando una devastante fitopatia nota come “Ash Dieback”. Si tratta di un fungo che proviene dall’Asia, dove però non arreca nessun tipo di danno agli alberi del medesimo genere, forse abituati a conviverci da millenni. Due ecosistemi che si incontrano, che si scontrano, creano biologie ferali di Anna Tsing. Come per altre malattie infettive vi è un chiaro legame tra globalizzazione e patogeni. Si può dire che questo sia un processo iniziato già da tempo, almeno dalla fine del 19° secolo. Secondo alcuni (Williamson 2018) iniziato con l’invenzione del propulsore ad elica, che permise di trasportare velocemente via nave piante vive (e patogeni vivi) attraverso i continenti, o facilitato dell’invenzione della “Wardian Case” (McCook 2016), una mini-serra portatile che permise di trasportare, e soprattutto conservare, le piante vive provenienti dalle colonie tropicali. Ma la grande accelerazione degli ultimi 20-30 anni non ha però precedenti. Non possiamo infatti comparare il volume degli scambi di piante e patogeni di fine 800 a quelli avvenuti in epoca neo-liberale (Potter and Urquhart 2017). E basta farsi un giro in quelle fitte giungle messe alla fine del percorso che ogni Ikea di ogni luogo fa fare ai propri clienti.
C’è un evidente legame storico tra patogeni, colonialismo e neo-liberismo; tra le monocolture del sud globale e le piante di Ficus benjamina dei nostri soggiorni. “Così come altre fitopatie infettive, l’Ash Dieback è una conseguenza della globalizzazione”, scrive Arianne Shahvisi in questo articolo per la London Review of Books. Viene da pensare alla famosa frase dell’economista liberale Claude Frederic Bastiat “Dove non passano le merci, passano gli eserciti”. Ma ora che le merci son passate, gli eserciti pare si siano solo rimpiccioliti.
//////////////
Mccook, Stuart. 2016. “Squares of Tropic Summer. The Wardian Case, Victorian Horticulture, and the Logistics of Global Plant Transfers, 1770–1910″ in “Global Scientific Practice in an Age of Revolutions, 1750-1850”, pp. 199–215., doi:10.2307/j.ctt1g2kmkh.16
Potter, Clive and Urquhart, Julie. 2017. “Tree disease and pest epidemics in the Anthropocene: A review of the drivers, impacts and policy responses in the UK”. Forest Policy and Economics, 79. pp. 61-68. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2016.06.024
Williamson, Tom, et al. 2018. “English Tree Populations: Economics, Agency and the Problem of the ‘Natural.’” The Human Dimensions of Forest and Tree Health, 2018, pp. 21–45., doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76956-1_2.
Pingback: Cingolani e il nucleare: la risposta (non del tutto) giusta a una domanda sbagliata • Le parole e le cose 10 ᴬᴺᴺᴵ
Pingback: sildenafil soft gel
Pingback: us based essay writing service
Pingback: community service essays
Pingback: i need help writing a narrative essay
Pingback: best essay for you
Pingback: essay service
Pingback: help writing an essay
Pingback: good essay writing website
Pingback: essay proofreading service
Pingback: help writing college essay
Pingback: college essay writing service
Pingback: the best essay writer
Pingback: university essay help
Pingback: reviews for essay writing services
Pingback: cheap custom essay papers
Pingback: best essay
Pingback: amoxicillin uk pharmacy
Pingback: generic ambien online pharmacy
Pingback: clozapine registry pharmacy
Pingback: online pharmacy with doctor consultation hydrocodone
Pingback: cheapest pharmacy to fill prescriptions without insurance
Pingback: can you buy cialis over the counter
Pingback: via gra
Pingback: how long does it take for cialis to work?
Pingback: cost sidinafil vs tadalafil
Pingback: generic cialis cost
Pingback: brand name viagra for sale
Pingback: how well does cialis work
Pingback: buying viagra nz
Pingback: cheapest viagra usa
Pingback: order viagra online without a prescription
Pingback: cialis no prescription canada
Pingback: cialis tadalafil online
Pingback: pharmacy choice ibuprofen plus codeine
Pingback: Levitra with Dapoxetine
Pingback: sildenafil 20mg coupon discount
Pingback: alldaychemist tadalafil
Pingback: cialis manufacturer coupon 2018
Pingback: can i buy viagra otc
Pingback: buy cialis with dapoxetine
Pingback: target pharmacy price cialis
Pingback: sildenafil 120
Pingback: genuine viagra uk
Pingback: sildenafil 105 mg canada
Pingback: viagra 12
Pingback: cheapest sildenafil tablets in india
Pingback: online pharmacy for viagra
Pingback: cheap cialis australia
Pingback: best prices for tadalafil 20mg
Pingback: cheapest cialis
Pingback: cialis cheap free shipping
Pingback: neurontin similar
Pingback: bactrim oflocet
Pingback: metronidazole kombucha
Pingback: nolvadex bodybuilders
Pingback: valacyclovir tired
Pingback: lyrica medication for fibromyalgia
Pingback: simethicone lisinopril
Pingback: glucophage sulfonamide
Pingback: lasix medical
Pingback: rybelsus tablets weight loss
Pingback: semaglutide
Pingback: semaglutide 4mg vial
Pingback: how to stop taking zoloft 50mg
Pingback: metronidazole irritability
Pingback: lexapro ssri
Pingback: cipralex and escitalopram
Pingback: does cephalexin cause headaches
Pingback: fluoxetine weight gain
Pingback: cymbalta and abilify
Pingback: viagra 100mg in canada
Pingback: gabapentin coke
Pingback: are keflex and cefazolin in the same family
Pingback: maximum duloxetine dose
Pingback: alcohol and cephalexin
Pingback: can i give my cat human ciprofloxacin
Pingback: bactrim ds 800 160 tablets
Pingback: does bactrim treat uti
Pingback: can you take tylenol and amoxicillin
Pingback: allergic reaction to augmentin
Pingback: muscle relaxants flexeril
Pingback: diclofenac sodium topical gel 1 price
Pingback: what is diltiazem
Pingback: que horas tomar contrave
Pingback: citalopram 10mg vs 20mg
Pingback: ddavp and edema
Pingback: can flomax be taken with viagra
Pingback: coming off effexor weight loss
Pingback: simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis seas trial
Pingback: depakote bipolar disorder
Pingback: cozaar mechanism of action
Pingback: is aripiprazole a controlled substance
Pingback: allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome
Pingback: does aspirin expire
Pingback: amitriptyline hcl 25 mg
Pingback: celexa vs lexapro weight gain
Pingback: bupropion overdose signs
Pingback: celebrex package insert
Pingback: buspar side effects
Pingback: what is celecoxib 100mg used for
Pingback: baclofen gerd
Pingback: acarbose kidney
Pingback: repaglinide brand names in india
Pingback: semaglutide news
Pingback: drugs similar to abilify without weight gain
Pingback: actos controversy
Pingback: how long before protonix starts working
Pingback: does remeron help you sleep
Pingback: is robaxin controlled
Pingback: sitagliptin common side effects
Pingback: venlafaxine 150
Pingback: tizanidine for anxiety
Pingback: is voltaren gel over counter
Pingback: ivermectin lotion price
Pingback: does tamsulosin lower blood pressure
Pingback: nhs spironolactone
Pingback: synthroid hydrochlorothiazide
Pingback: is levitra better than viagra
Pingback: online pharmacy store
Pingback: tadalafil and sildenafil together
Pingback: sildenafil contraindications
Pingback: blue sky peptide tadalafil review
Pingback: cialis online pills
Pingback: levitra side effects vs viagra
Pingback: navarro pharmacy store locator
Pingback: stromectol how much it cost
Pingback: vardenafil hcl 20mg tab cost
Pingback: tadalafil 20 mg buy online
Pingback: stromectol pill price
Pingback: tadalafil generic 20 mg ebay
Pingback: viagra generic online canada
Pingback: stromectol brand
Pingback: oral ivermectin cost
Pingback: buy stromectol canada
Pingback: viagra pills cost in india
Pingback: vardenafil hcl 20 mg tablet
Pingback: stromectol medicine
Pingback: neurontin and lyrica are a death sentence for new brain synapses
Pingback: ampicillin sulbactam administration
Pingback: what is metronidazole
Pingback: valtrex vs valacyclovir
Pingback: keflex and pregnancy
Pingback: how long does it take lyrica to work
Pingback: does ciprofloxacin have sulfa
Pingback: can i take benadryl with prednisone
Pingback: doxycycline dosage for dogs
Pingback: is lisinopril a diuretic
Pingback: max dose of trazodone
Pingback: amoxicillin clavulanate potassium
Pingback: is 500mg of metformin: a low dose
Pingback: can i drink on cephalexin
Pingback: provigil and lexapro together
Pingback: URL
Pingback: is viagra over the counter
Pingback: sildenafil vs levitra
Pingback: cheap vardenafil tablets
Pingback: tadalafil how long does it take to work
Pingback: ed medication
Pingback: sildenafil prescription online
Pingback: difference between sildenafil and tadalafil
Pingback: how much sildenafil is too much
Pingback: sildenafil coupons
Pingback: what is better sildenafil or tadalafil
Pingback: cialis pills
Pingback: where to buy levitra online no prescription
Pingback: how much does lortab cost at pharmacy
Pingback: levitra cheap drugs
Pingback: cheapest generic levitra
Pingback: tadalafil or sildenafil
Pingback: how long does 20mg sildenafil last
Pingback: buy levitra canada
Pingback: mexican pharmacy vicodin
Pingback: sildenafil generic name
Pingback: overseas online pharmacy no prescription
Pingback: how to use sildenafil citrate tablets
Pingback: does cialis help with premature ejaculation
Pingback: rx outreach pharmacy
Pingback: how much does hydrocodone cost at a pharmacy
Pingback: tadalafil 5mg reviews
Pingback: what question should the nurse ask when assessing for therapeutic effects of vardenafil?
Pingback: tadalafil vs sildenafil
Pingback: tadalafil price
Pingback: phentermine online pharmacy reviews
Pingback: how long does bluechew tadalafil last
Pingback: order prescriptions online without doctor
Pingback: phentermine online us pharmacy
Pingback: online pharmacy no prescription needed ambien
Pingback: cymbalta online pharmacy
Pingback: difference between sildenafil tadalafil and vardenafil
Pingback: gabapentin arthritis
Pingback: magnesium deficiency tegretol
Pingback: what are the side effects of celecoxib
Pingback: can you give child motrin and tylenol at the same time
Pingback: does celebrex work for tennis elbow
Pingback: brand name for etodolac
Pingback: axcel ibuprofen
Pingback: how quickly does sulfasalazine work
Pingback: neurontin for sciatica
Pingback: carbamazepine and neuropathic pain
Pingback: running after taking imitrex
Pingback: mestinon average dose
Pingback: tac dung cua indomethacin
Pingback: amitriptyline dosage for pain and sleep
Pingback: how to buy generic pyridostigmine without rx
Pingback: cilostazol 100 mg para que serve
Pingback: mebeverine hydrochloride buy
Pingback: is elavil a muscle relaxant
Pingback: azathioprine 25
Pingback: how much does rizatriptan cost
Pingback: lioresal 10 mg effetti collaterali
Pingback: maxalt melt 10 mg oral lyophilisate
Pingback: what does baclofen pump do
Pingback: can sumatriptan be taken with paracetamol
Pingback: is meloxicam the same as mobicox
Pingback: imdur medication dosage
Pingback: sintesis quimica del piroxicam
Pingback: how much does imuran cost without insurance
Pingback: meloxicam drug information
Pingback: tizanidine indications
Pingback: mornington grove artane
Pingback: zanaflex 4 mg dosage
Pingback: how to buy generic ketorolac without prescription
Pingback: how to get toradol without dr prescription
Pingback: can periactin be used for weight gain
Pingback: cyproheptadine and ibuprofen